Social Preference Test in Zebrafish
Scientific Overview
The Social Preference Test (SPT) evaluates social affiliation and conspecific recognition in zebrafish (Danio rerio). It is extensively used in translational neuroscience models of autism spectrum disorders and neurodevelopmental toxicity.
1. Historical Background
Pioneering studies by:
- Robert Gerlai
Key references:
- Gerlai et al., 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00167-5
- Saverino & Gerlai, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.10.024
2. Neurobiological Basis
- Dopaminergic reward circuits
- Oxytocin/vasotocin signaling
- Serotonergic modulation
- Social cognition networks in pallium
3. Scientific Objectives
Measure:
- Social affiliation index
- Distance to stimulus shoal
- Interaction frequency
- Social avoidance behavior
4. Standardized Methodology
Apparatus
- Three-compartment tank
- Central test fish
- One compartment with stimulus shoal (3–5 fish)
- Opposite empty compartment
Duration
- 10-minute recording
Primary Metrics
- Time spent near stimulus
- Preference ratio
- Number of approaches
- Swimming speed
Pharmacological Validation
- MK-801 → reduced sociability
- Fluoxetine → enhanced social preference
5. Statistical Analysis
- Preference index = (Social − Non-social) / Total time
- Mixed-effects modeling
- ANOVA (treatment × sex)
6. Applications
- ASD gene models (shank3, cntnap2)
- Endocrine disruptor exposure
- Developmental neurotoxicity
- Dopaminergic drug screening
7. Limitations
- Locomotor confound
- Social dominance effects
- Isolation stress
8. OECD Context
Not included in current OECD TGs, but relevant for:
- Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) framework discussions
- TG 236 complementary behavioral endpoints
9. Key References
- Saverino & Gerlai, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.10.024
- Gerlai et al., 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00167-5
- Tang et al., 2020. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0783-7