{"id":80,"date":"2026-02-18T20:17:56","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T20:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/?page_id=80"},"modified":"2026-02-18T20:17:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T20:17:56","slug":"t-maze-test-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/index.php\/t-maze-test-en\/","title":{"rendered":"T-MAZE TEST (EN)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T-Maze Cognitive Flexibility Test in Zebrafish<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scientific Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The T-Maze test evaluates spatial learning, memory, and cognitive flexibility in zebrafish (Danio rerio). It is derived from rodent T-maze paradigms and adapted for aquatic models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Historical Background<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Adaptation for zebrafish cognition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cognato et al., 2012. <em>Behavioural Brain Research<\/em><br>DOI: 10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.12.041<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parker et al., 2012. <em>Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience<\/em><br>DOI: 10.3389\/fnbeh.2012.00047<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Neurobiological Basis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dorsal pallium (hippocampal homolog)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dopaminergic pathways<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NMDA receptor-mediated plasticity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cholinergic systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Scientific Objectives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Assess:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spatial memory<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reward learning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reversal learning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cognitive flexibility<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Standardized Experimental Methodology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparatus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T-shaped aquatic maze<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visual cues at arm ends<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Food reward compartment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procedure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Habituation phase<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Training sessions (5\u201310 trials\/day)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acquisition criterion (\u226570% correct choices)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reversal learning phase<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Primary Endpoints<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Choice accuracy (% correct)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Latency to reward<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Error rate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trials to criterion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Positive Controls<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Scopolamine \u2192 impaired learning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nicotine \u2192 enhanced acquisition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Statistical Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Learning curve modeling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeated-measures ANOVA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Survival analysis (criterion attainment)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Logistic regression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alzheimer\u2019s disease models<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neurodegenerative toxicology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dopaminergic drug testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Environmental contaminant exposure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Limitations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Motivation variability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Food deprivation confound<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stress-induced performance bias<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. OECD Context<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Not currently included in OECD TGs, but contributes to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Developmental Neurotoxicity frameworks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cognitive endpoints in sublethal toxicity studies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Key References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cognato et al., 2012. DOI: 10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.12.041<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parker et al., 2012. DOI: 10.3389\/fnbeh.2012.00047<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kalueff et al., 2013. DOI: 10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.10.014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T-Maze Cognitive Flexibility Test in Zebrafish Scientific Overview The T-Maze test evaluates spatial learning, memory, and cognitive flexibility in zebrafish (Danio rerio). It is derived from rodent T-maze paradigms and adapted for aquatic models. 1. Historical Background Adaptation for zebrafish cognition: 2. Neurobiological Basis 3. Scientific Objectives Assess: 4. Standardized Experimental Methodology Apparatus Procedure Primary [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-80","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81,"href":"https:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80\/revisions\/81"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/behavior-tools.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}